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عمومی::
مراقبت های بهداشتی، مراقبت های بهداشتی، مراقبت های بهداشتی درمانی، درمان
Industries such as aviation, military, and health care have noted effective team communication's role in reducing errors (Helmreich, Merritt, & Wilhelm, 1999), self‐ad- justing plans in light of teamwork breakdowns (Smith‐Jentsch, Zeisig, Acton, & McPher- son, 1998) and acknowledging proper information (Weaver et al.
Survey Health care professionals
In particular, within high‐stress, risky, and complex indus- tries (e.g. aviation, health care, nuclear power, military), team training programs have been developed to improve team decision making.
For example in health care, team training programs focus on the specific demands and needs of teams facing different scenarios and problems (O'Dea, O'Connor, & Keogh, 2014).
, greater creativity and innovation in research and development teams, better decision making in management teams, superior health care in primary care teams).،C. difficile colitis, inappropriate antibiotic therapy exposes patients to nephrotoxicity, allergic reactions, opportunistic fungal infec- tions, and volume overload, there are global issues of costs, waste, and drug shortages (Box 21-2). fte concept of antibiotic steward- ship is important in health care but more so in the ICUs because the highest rates of antibiotic use occur here. fte components of this stewardship include a critical appraisal of the need for anti- biotics on daily rounds, a review of culture results to eliminate unnecessary agents, de-escalation from broad-spectrum to narrow- spectrum agents whenever possible, and establishing a stop date for the antimicrobial therapy.
In many ICU patients, pro- phylaxis is likely overused, and some data suggest that this pre- disposes the patient to pneumonia and C. difficile infections as well as increasing health care costs.
Since the days of Semmelweiss and Codman, surgeons have been at the forefront of advancing quality in health care, a concept that has only more recently taken hold in the rest of health care as governmental and other organizations have embraced the "quality movement."
It is imperative that the ICU team remain in close contact with family members and health care representatives of critically ill patients at all times.
Health care proxies were also more often officially named as surrogate decision makers in cases where patients lost mental capacity to make decisions. ftese trends have helped guide the ICU team and have reduced the number of futile situa- tions in the ICU.،،Significant cross border movements for health care (including diasporas and institutional transfers) are conflated with 'accidental' and expatriate health care, yet developing a rigorous definition of MT poses problems.
Yet in the last two decades a form of 'reverse globalisation' has occurred with patients from more developed countries travelling for medical care to less developed countries, for a combination of reasons involving cost, access, service and quality, overturning implicit notions of the territoriality of health care.
Multiple studies have subsequently documented the rise of Asian, European and Latin American destinations, as their economies have diversified and built on existing tourism industries and health care systems (e.g.
Many accounts assume a definition, others are minimalist and undeveloped, such as that of Bookman and Bookman (2007: 1) 'international 'travel with the aim of improving one's health', Wikipedia's current 'travelling across international borders to obtain health care' (2012) or, more elaborately, 'the organized travel outside one's local environment for the maintenance, enhancement or restoration of an individual's wellbeing in mind and body' (Carrera & Bridges, 2006: 447).
Hopkins et al. take a broadly similar perspective on blending medicine and tourism: 'cross-border health care motivated by lower cost, avoidance of long wait times, or services not available in one's own country.
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علوم اجتماعی و جامعه شناسی::
مراقبت های بهداشتی، مراقبت های بهداشتی
This has implications for intergenerational caregiving, extended family relationships, health care, and government programs like Medicare and Social Security.
[C]onflict theorists look at issues of conflict between classes of people who have privilege or dominance and those who are disadvantaged-the "haves" versus the "have-nots"-(e.g. men versus women, rich versus poor, Whites versus Blacks, those with access to health care versus those without, employed versus unemployed, heterosexuals versus gays and lesbians, adults versus children, married versus single, married versus divorced).
For example, Annette Lareau's research on the interconnections between families and social institutions has highlighted the way that institutions, like schools and health care, operate by using a middle-class logic that privileges middle- and upper-class families and disadvantages working-class and lower-class families who are less adept at negotiating these assumptions.
Immigrants from these countries tend to have higher levels of education and to work in well-paid occupations such as health care and technology.
Because undocumented immigrants are marginalized in the economy, education, housing, health care, and the law, the entire family is at risk even if children are citizens.،This has implications for intergenerational caregiving, extended family relationships, health care, and government programs like Medicare and Social Security.
[C]onflict theorists look at issues of conflict between classes of people who have privilege or dominance and those who are disadvantaged-the "haves" versus the "have-nots"-(e.g. men versus women, rich versus poor, Whites versus Blacks, those with access to health care versus those without, employed versus unemployed, heterosexuals versus gays and lesbians, adults versus children, married versus single, married versus divorced).
For example, Annette Lareau's research on the interconnections between families and social institutions has highlighted the way that institutions, like schools and health care, operate by using a middle-class logic that privileges middle- and upper-class families and disadvantages working-class and lower-class families who are less adept at negotiating these assumptions.
Immigrants from these countries tend to have higher levels of education and to work in well-paid occupations such as health care and technology.
Because undocumented immigrants are marginalized in the economy, education, housing, health care, and the law, the entire family is at risk even if children are citizens.
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